Search results for "Hierarchical organization"

showing 5 items of 5 documents

Structural commonalities and deviations in the hierarchical organization of crossed-lamellar shells: A case study on the shell of the bivalve Glycyme…

2016

11 pages; International audience; The structural organization of the palliostracum—the dominant part of the shell which is formed by the mantle cells—of Glycymeris glycymeris (Linné 1758) is comprised of five hierarchical levels with pronounced structural commonalities and deviations from other crossed-lamellar shells. The hierarchical level known as second order lamellae, present within other crossed-lamellar shells, is absent highlighting a short-coming of the currently used nomenclature. On the mesoscale, secondary microtubules penetrate the palliostracum and serve as crack arrestors. Moreover, the growth lamellae follow bent trajectories possibly impacting crack propagation, crack defle…

0301 basic medicineGlycymerisStructural organizationMaterials sciencebiologyMechanical Engineeringcrystal growthtoughnessFracture mechanicsGeometry02 engineering and technology[ SDV.IB.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physicsbiology.organism_classification03 medical and health sciencesCrystallography030104 developmental biologybiomimetic (assembly)Mechanics of MaterialsHierarchical organizationGeneral Materials ScienceLamellar structure0210 nano-technologyBiomineralizationJournal of Materials Research
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Is there evidence for a rostral-caudal gradient in fronto-striatal loops and what role does dopamine play?

2018

Research has shown that the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) may be hierarchically organized along a rostral-caudal functional gradient such that control processing becomes progressively more abstract from caudal to rostral frontal regions. Here, we briefly review the most recent functional MRI, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological evidence in support of a hierarchical LPFC organization. We extend these observations by discussing how such a rostral-caudal gradient may also exist in the striatum and how the dopaminergic system may play an important role in the hierarchical organization of fronto-striatal loops. There is evidence indicating that a rostral-caudal gradient of dopamine r…

0301 basic medicinehierarchical processingReviewStriatumBiologylcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDopaminemedicineHierarchical organizationlcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryGeneral NeuroscienceDopaminergicNeuropsychologylateral prefrontal cortexElectrophysiology030104 developmental biologynervous systemDopamine receptorfronto-striatal loopsreceptor distributiondopamineLateral prefrontal cortexNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeurosciencemedicine.drug
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Reading comprehension: think and know verbs.

2004

Verbs such as think, know, remember, and guess play a pivotal role in understanding, monitoring, and transformation of internal states. We focus on the specific words as think and know, polysemous cognitive verbs that show hierarchical organization and high frequency of use in children's and adults' lexicons. According to Booth and Hall's model, think and know present a conceptual organization that involves low conceptual levels (perception, memory, comprehension) and high conceptual levels (evaluation, metacognition, planning). The aim of this research was to study the relationship between children's comprehension of text processing and the conceptual levels of the above-described verbs. …

MaleAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectMetacognition050105 experimental psychologyThinkingCognitionText processingPerceptionHierarchical organizationHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesChildGeneral Psychologymedia_commonLanguageCommunicationbusiness.industry05 social sciencesCognitionLinguisticsLinguistic competenceSemanticsComprehensionReading comprehensionReadingFemalePsychologybusiness050104 developmental & child psychologyCognitive psychologyPsychological reports
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Emerging Evidences of Mesoscopic-Scale Complexity in Neat Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures

2017

Ionic liquids (ILs) represent a blooming class of continuously developing advanced materials, with the aiming of a green chemical industry. Their appealing physical and chemical properties are largely influenced by their micro- and mesoscopic structure that is known to possess a high degree of hierarchical organization. High-impact application fields are largely affected by the complex morphology of neat ionic liquids and their mixtures. This Perspective highlights new arising research directions that point to an enhanced level of structural complexity in several IL-based systems, including mixtures. The latter represent a change in paradigm in the approach to formulate new, task-specific I…

Mesoscopic physicsScale (chemistry)ethylammonium; ionic liquids; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumionic liuquidNanotechnology02 engineering and technologyAdvanced materials1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesionic liquidschemistry.chemical_compoundethylammoniumchemistryIonic liquidHierarchical organizationGeneral Materials ScienceMaterials Science (all)Physical and Theoretical Chemistry0210 nano-technologyPhenomenology (psychology)The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
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A tool for filtering information in complex systems

2005

We introduce a technique to filter out complex data-sets by extracting a subgraph of representative links. Such a filtering can be tuned up to any desired level by controlling the genus of the resulting graph. We show that this technique is especially suitable for correlation based graphs giving filtered graphs which preserve the hierarchical organization of the minimum spanning tree but containing a larger amount of information in their internal structure. In particular in the case of planar filtered graphs (genus equal to 0) triangular loops and 4 element cliques are formed. The application of this filtering procedure to 100 stocks in the USA equity markets shows that such loops and cliqu…

Physics - Physics and SocietyComputer scienceComplex systemFOS: Physical sciencesPhysics and Society (physics.soc-ph)Minimum spanning treecomputer.software_genrePlanarHierarchical organizationINTERNETCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsComplex data typeMultidisciplinarySmall-world networkStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)SMALL-WORLD NETWORKSFilter (signal processing)Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural NetworksComplex networkWEBDYNAMIC ASSET TREESPhysical SciencesGRAPHData miningAlgorithmcomputerMathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
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